Population By Federal Census (Organized in 1870.)
1880 Census
| Township | Population |
| Allen Township | 653 |
| Athens Township | 746 |
| Brown’s Creek Township | 666 |
| Buffalo Township, including Jewell City | 1,050 |
| Burr Oak Township, incl. Burr Oak City | 1,237 |
| Calvin Township | 503 |
| Center Township, including Mankato City | 1,017 |
| Erving Township | 565 |
| Esbon Township | 557 |
| Grant Township | 674 |
| Harrison Township | 638 |
| Highland Township | 658 |
| Holmwood Township | 698 |
| Ionia Township | 1,142 |
| Jackson Township | 496 |
| Limestone Township | 702 |
| Montana Township | 788 |
| Prairie Township | 701 |
| Richland Township | 715 |
| Saint Clair Township | 584 |
| Vicksburg Township | 725 |
| Walnut Township | 666 |
| Washington Township | 544 |
| White Mound Township | 751 |
| Total | 17,475 |
| Jewell City | 372 |
| Burr Oak City | 425 |
| Mankato City | 506 |
Source: Jewell County, Cutlers History of Kansas, 1883